Chandni CV

When the World Learned to Think in Time: The Invention of the Modern Clock and the Making of Modern Life, c. 1300–1900

The modern world is closely related to the precise measurement of time . Everyday activities revolves around clocks, schedules and timetables across the globe. The article focuses on the history of timekeeping in Europe from the appearance of early mechanical clocks in the late Middle Ages to the standardization of time in the nineteenth century. The mechanical clock became important because it was gradually integrated into everyday urban life. It influenced commerce, transport, work, and individual behaviour. The article focuses on different temporal arrangements that were made before the rise of mechanized clocks. It describes how public clocks and timekeeping became more widespread throughout European cities. It also discusses the increasing economic relevance of strict time division and regulation. The article highlights innovations that made individuals responsible for measuring time as a new phenomenon that required society to think about regulating time on a larger scale. It concludes that modernity involved a fundamental change in temporal organization and a revaluation of the role of time measurement in societies.